The unit mole (mol) is defined by fixing Avogadro's constant NA
to be 6.022,140,76×1023 elementary entities of matter.
Avogadro's constant is named after the Italian physicist and chemist
Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, count of Quaregna and Cerreto (1776 - 1811).
History
The value of Avogadro's number (though not yet known by that name)
was first obtained indirectly in 1865 by the Austrian physicist and chemist
Johann Josef Loschmidt (1821 - 1895) by estimating the number of particles
in a given volume of gas.
However, the result 0.4×1023 mol-1 was an order of magnitude too small.