Temperature is a quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of
hotness or coldness,
and reflects the average kinetic energy of the vibrating and colliding atoms
making up a substance.
The name is derived from the Greek word thermos (θερμός)‚
meaning "warm".
Temperature can be measured with a thermometer and is commonly expressed in degrees celcius (°C).
In science, the kelvin scale (K) is preferred.
The kelvin scale is also referred to as absolute temperature.
History
The Prussian physicist Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Clausius (1822 - 1888) is the
founder of the modern kinetic gas theory and the theory of heat (thermodynamics).